For pipes less than 8 inches in diameter, how deep should the compacted covering layer be?

For pipes less than 8 inches in diameter, a compacted covering layer depth of 6-12 inches is recommended to provide adequate protection and support. This range ensures that there is sufficient earth cover above the pipe to prevent damage from surface loads, environmental factors, and to facilitate proper water drainage. Ensuring that the depth is within this range helps mitigate risks such as frost heave in colder climates and allows for soil settlement around the pipe, which can contribute to maintaining the integrity of the water distribution system. Properly compacted backfill also helps prevent soil movement that could otherwise lead to misalignment or damage to the pipe.