SCADA systems consist of which of the following components?

SCADA systems, which stand for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, are designed to monitor and control infrastructure and processes. The correct answer highlights the key components that make up a typical SCADA system.

RTUs, or Remote Terminal Units, are essential in the field as they collect data from sensors and instruments. They serve as the interface between the physical processes and the SCADA system. The communications component facilitates the transfer of data between the RTUs and the master station, ensuring that information flows seamlessly to allow for real-time monitoring and control.

The master station is the central system where operators can observe the collected data and make decisions based on that information. The Human-Machine Interface (HMI) allows operators to interact with the SCADA system, visualize data, and control processes manually if necessary.

While pressure sensors and flow meters are indeed important devices used within the broader context of water distribution systems, they are categorized as sensors within a SCADA system rather than as standalone components of the SCADA architecture. Similarly, pumps, valves, electrical circuits, and switches play essential roles in the operation of water distribution systems but do not encompass the full range of SCADA components. They might be monitored or controlled through a SCADA system but are not part of its