What is the term for a sudden fluctuation in pressure that occurs repeatedly?

The correct term for a sudden fluctuation in pressure that occurs repeatedly is Water Hammer. This phenomenon specifically refers to the pressure surge that takes place when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly, usually due to the rapid closure of a valve or a pump turning off.

When this happens, the momentum of the fluid causes a shockwave that travels through the pipe, resulting in a loud banging noise and potentially damaging the piping system. The repeated occurrence of such pressure fluctuations can lead to fatigue in the pipe material and joint failure if not managed properly.

Understanding Water Hammer is critical for water distribution professionals, as it helps in designing systems that minimize such pressure fluctuations, ensuring longevity and integrity of piping networks. This knowledge is essential for identifying symptoms and implementing appropriate solutions in water distribution systems to avoid costly repairs and ensure system reliability.